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torsdag 9 november 2017

Aivoravinteita densiteetillä

Neurobiol Dis. 2015 Oct;82:504-515. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.09.007. Epub 2015 Sep 24.

A nutrient combination designed to enhance synapse formation and function improves outcome in experimental spinal cord injury.


Abstract

Spinal cord injury leads to major neurological impairment for which there is currently no effective treatment. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Fortasyn® Connect in Alzheimer's disease. Fortasyn® Connect is a specific multi-nutrient combination
 containing DHA, EPA,
 choline,
 uridine monophosphate (UMP),
 phospholipids,
 and various vitamins.
We examined the effect of Fortasyn® Connect in a rat compression model of spinal cord injury.
For 4 or 9 weeks following the injury, rats were fed either a control diet or a diet enriched with low, medium, or high doses of Fortasyn® Connect. The medium-dose Fortasyn® Connect-enriched diet showed significant efficacy in locomotor recovery after 9 weeks of supplementation, along with protection of spinal cord tissue (increased neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival, decreased microglial activation, and preserved axonal integrity). Rats fed the high-dose Fortasyn® Connect-enriched diet for 4 weeks showed a much greater enhancement of locomotor recovery, with a faster onset, than rats fed the medium dose. Bladder function recovered quicker in these rats than in rats fed the control diet. Their spinal cord tissues showed a smaller lesion, reduced neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss, decreased neuroinflammatory response, reduced astrocytosis and levels of inhibitory chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, and better preservation of serotonergic axons than those of rats fed the control diet. These results suggest that this multi-nutrient preparation has a marked therapeutic potential in spinal cord injury, and raise the possibility that this original approach could be used to support spinal cord injured patients.
KEYWORDS:
Dietary supplementation; Fortasyn connect; Neuroplasticity; Neuroprotection; Spinal cord injury

 2)

Neurobiol Aging. 2015 Jan;36(1):344-51. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.021. Epub 2014 Jul 24.

Specific multi-nutrient enriched diet enhances hippocampal cholinergic transmission in aged rats.

Abstract

Fortasyn Connect (FC) is a specific nutrient combination designed to target synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease by providing neuronal membrane precursors and other supportive nutrients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FC on hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission in association with its effects on synaptic membrane formation in aged rats. Eighteen-month-old male Wistar rats were randomized to receive a control diet for 4 weeks or an FC-enriched diet for 4 or 6 weeks. At the end of the dietary treatments, acetylcholine (ACh) release was investigated by in vivo microdialysis in the right hippocampi. On completion of microdialysis studies, the rats were sacrificed, and the left hippocampi were obtained to determine the levels of choline, ACh, membrane phospholipids, synaptic proteins, and choline acetyltransferase. Our results revealed that supplementation with FC diet for 4 or 6 weeks, significantly enhanced basal and stimulated hippocampal ACh release and ACh tissue levels, along with levels of phospholipids. Feeding rats the FC diet for 6 weeks significantly increased the levels of choline acetyltransferase, the presynaptic marker Synapsin-1, and the postsynaptic marker PSD-95, but decreased levels of Nogo-A, a neurite outgrowth inhibitor. These data show that the FC diet enhances hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission in aged rats and suggest that this effect is mediated by enhanced synaptic membrane formation. These data provide further insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms by which FC may support memory processes in Alzheimer's disease.

KEYWORDS:

Acetylcholine release; Aged rat; Alzheimer's disease; Choline acetyltransferase; Cholinergic neurotransmission; Fortasyn connect; Phospholipid; Souvenaid; Synaptic membrane

3)

Front Neurosci. 2017 Aug 4;11:440. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00440. eCollection 2017.

High Content Analysis of Hippocampal Neuron-Astrocyte Co-cultures Shows a Positive Effect of Fortasyn Connect on Neuronal Survival and Postsynaptic Maturation.

Abstract

Neuronal and synaptic membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer. Supplementation with dietary precursors for phospholipid synthesis -docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), uridine and choline- has been shown to increase neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. A role for multi-nutrient intervention with specific precursors and cofactors has recently emerged in early Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by decreased synapse numbers in the hippocampus. Moreover, the medical food Souvenaid, containing the specific nutrient combination Fortasyn Connect (FC), improves memory performance in early Alzheimer's disease patients, possibly via maintaining brain connectivity. This suggests an effect of FC on synapses, but the underlying cellular mechanism is not fully understood.

Therefore, we investigated the effect of FC (consisting of DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), uridine, choline, phospholipids, folic acid, vitamins B12, B6, C and E, and selenium), on synaptogenesis by supplementing it to primary neuron-astrocyte co-cultures, a cellular model that mimics metabolic dependencies in the brain. We measured neuronal developmental processes using high content screening in an automated manner, including neuronal survival, neurite morphology, as well as the formation and maturation of synapses. Here, we show that FC supplementation resulted in increased numbers of neurons without affecting astrocyte number. Furthermore, FC increased postsynaptic PSD95 levels in both immature and mature synapses. These findings suggest that supplementation with FC to neuron-astrocyte co-cultures increased both neuronal survival and the maturation of postsynaptic terminals, which might aid the functional interpretation of FC-based intervention strategies in neurological diseases characterized by neuronal loss and impaired synaptic functioning.

KEYWORDS:

method; neuron-astrocyte co-culture; nutritional intervention; phospholipids; synapse formation
PMID:
28824363
PMCID:
PMC5543085
DOI:
10.3389/fnins.2017.00440
 
Kommentti: kannatan tätä kombinaatiota. Aivan välttämättömiä ovat  foolihappo, B12 ja ehkä B6 ( B6 tehostamassa että ei tapahdu  malnutritiota  sen takia että typen fiksausta  aminohapoiksi tapahtuu liian  heikosti , B6 myös tehosta seriinin tallettamista  aktiivina  mm myeliinin synteesiin ja poimii seriiniä täten fosfolipidien metaboliaan  salvage reiteillekin) 
UMP on sikäli eduksi, että sen muodostuksen heikkous on tyypillistä sokeriaineenvaihdunnan  vajeissa. 
 UDP, UTP - energia kuuluu hiilihydraattiaineenvaihduntaan ja  samalla myös  rikkipitoisten  kalvorakenteiden kehittymsieen (kehon oma hepariini jokossa   ja muut negatiiviseen koagulaatiotasaoainoon kuulu viin tekijöihin-  sulfaattiaineenvaihduntaan  saa näistä kombinaatioista  oikaisua  sokeriaineenvaihdunnan  avunstamisen kautta. 
Tämä kohta on ollut sellainen musta-aukko, johon en kuvitellut löytyvänkään mitään  ainetta antaa. avuksi.  Olen ajatellut että ainoa  mahdollisuus oikaista U- aineenvaihdunnan bermudaa on vain  normaalin verensokerin pitäminen ja liikunta.  NNR 2012 suositusten lisäksi.  ja varmsitaa metylaatiot B12, foolihappo, ettei  tapahdu liiallista U putoamista  genomista. 
Foolihappoa  saisi  antaa kyllä  densiteetillä.  biopteriinin toiminnan elvyttämsieksi.  
B12- antoon pitäisi  varmaan liittää maksaravinto.  uncertainti.