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Astrocyte
calcium signal triggered by synaptic activity stimulates the release of
different gliotransmitters, such as glutamate, ATP/adenosine or
d-serine. These gliotransmitters act on specific glutamate
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA), NMDAR and
mGluR and adenosine (A1 and A2A) receptor types localized at the pre- or
post-synaptic neurons. The consequently activated intracellular
signalling pathways lead to depression or potentiation of synaptic
transmission.
